Large Pictures(Click on picture to get full size) |
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The
"Neue
Hütte" in Schmalkalden, one of the last iron smelters still running on charcoal. The main smelter is inside the building. On the left are the remains of a smaller unit. The second picture shows a model of the smelter in the building. |
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This picture,
attempting to elucidate how the smelter works, is from a brochure available at the Schmalkalden Museum. It is essentially correct even so I'm not sure I subscribe to the correctness of every detail. |
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This picture shows
some of the ores, flux and gangue that went into the smelter. You translate it; here is some help. |
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Here is a map of
what was going on during the
Bronze Age
Collapse. Note that this map contains a lot of known facts but also some interpretations open to discussion and unavoidable simplifications. Essentially only the Egyptians and the Assyrians managed to defend their homeland (see below) but had problems on their outskirts; the Egyptians lost their Northern colonies, for example. Everybody else was in deep trouble. Egypt never quite recovered whereas the Assyrians rose to become the dominating power somewhat later. |
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Here is the complete
drawing showing the 15 m × 2.5 m limestone relief from 1170 BC in Medinet Habu, Egypt. In the lower row the victorious Egyptians lead off the bound sea people prisoners to captivity. |
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Here is a map
showing the extent of Assyrian trade with Anatolia in the second millennium BC. Kültepe is on the Wstern end of that route. |
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Here is a
reconstructed Royal Tomb from Alaca Höyük
as exhibited in the Archeological Museum in Çorum. |
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Here is picture of present day Hattusa. | |||||
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Here is the original photograoph of King Tut's iron dagger. | |||||
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Here is a picture
from Isabella Caneva showing a late Chalcolithic elite building of level XV, 4500 BC that was used as a metal workshop in Yumuktepe. |
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Here is a bloom
produced in an effort to duplicate the making of "Ferrum Noricum" plus microstructure and carbon concentration in the places shown. |
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Here is picture from the power point presentation of Prof. Hadi Özbal, showing small "old iron" things. | |||||
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The
picture of Alexander the
Great is actually not a picture but a
mosaic. Shown is just a tiny part of the whole mosaic that is marvelous to behold even so large parts have been destroyed. Here is a large picture of just Alexander; notice the hilt of his sword. |
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To give you an idea about the scale of things - here is the whole mosaic: | |||||
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The Alexander Mosaic, dating from circa 100 BC,
is a Roman floor mosaic originally from the House of the Faun in Pompei. It depicts a battle between the armies of Alexander the Great and Darius III of Persia and measures 2.72 by 5.13 metres ] The original is preserved in the Naples National Archaeological Museum. The mosaic is believed to be a copy of an early 3rd-century BC Hellenistic painting. The mosaic is made of about one and a half million tiny colored tiles. We (probably) see the Battle of Issus ("333 bei Issus Keilerei" we had to learn in High School). |
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Early Metal Technology - 2. Silver and Lead
Critical Museum Guide: Museums in Istanbul, Turkey
Critical Museum Guide: Roemer- und Pelizaeus-Museum, Hildesheim, Germany
Critical Museum Guide: Archaeological Museum in Heraklion (Crete)
10.2 Making Iron 10.2.1 Early Iron
Early Pyrotechnolgy - 2. First Technical Uses
Last Charcoal Smelter in Germany
Smelting Science - 5. Smelting Details 2
Early Metal Technology - 1. Gold
© H. Föll (Iron, Steel and Swords script)