3.2 Calculation of the inner energy

From Eq. (2.45) we know the grand canonical potential

Ω(T,V,μ) = ±kT α ln (1 exp (-ϵα -μ kT ))

(3.4)

α indicates independent states, the plus/minus sign depend on the particles to be Fermion or Bosons. For a continuous system the sum changes into an integral:
Let

Fβμ(ϵ) := ±kT ln (1 exp (-ϵ -μ kT ))

(3.5)

and

fβμ(ϵ) := Fβμ(ϵ) ϵ = 1 exp (ϵ-μ kT ) 1 = -Fβμ(ϵ) μ .

(3.6)

Obviously we find

Ω(T,V,μ) =-+D(ϵ)F βμ(ϵ)dϵ,

(3.7)

N(T,V,μ) =-+D(ϵ)f βμ(ϵ)dϵ,

(3.8)

and

E(T,V,μ) =-+ϵD(ϵ)f βμ(ϵ)dϵ.

(3.9)

D(ϵ) is the density of states.