| |
|
 | Halle is a city in the southern part of the
German state Saxony-Anhalt. Halle is an economic and educational center in central-eastern
Germany and the birthplace of Georg Friedrich Händel. Since I once had close relations
with the Max-Planck-Institute of Microstructure Physics in Halle, I was there a lot - and
never saw anything of the city. |
|  | Meanwhile I changed that and I'm glad. There
is a lot to see and the "Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte", i.e. the Museum of
the German state of Sachsen-Anhalt dedicated to prehistory. It is not only a highlight but
a must for anybody interested in the stone age and early metals.
You'll find an unbelievable
amount of stone and bronze objects in mint conditions. This is mostly due to heavy surface
coal digging since the 19th century but also to some recent luck; I'll get to that. |
| The museum is housed in an imposing
early 20th century building with large and airy rooms. Most of the objects are displayed in
an old-fashioned way, meaning that not only can you actually see the objects, there are also
well-written explanations, readable without using a flashlight while lying on your belly.
Moreover, there are good models, many highly interesting maps, and fascinating artistic impressions
of what things might have looked like.
The high point of the museum is the famous "Nebra sky disk". I have referred to it before. |
| | | |
| | |
| |
| |
| | The disc is a unique one-of-its-kind object. That would
be sufficient to make it famous. It was "discovered" by treasure hunters who tried
to sell it; illegally of course. Two elaborately made bronze
swords (shown
here and in large scale here
) and a few smaller items completed the loot. The finders were eventually caught by international
police forces in a highly spectacular way, and the objects found their way into the museum.
The Nebra sky disc is from about 1600 BC and features the oldest concrete depiction of the
cosmos worldwide. In June 2013 it was included in the UNESCO Memory of the World Register
and termed "one of the most important archaeological finds of the twentieth century". |
| The whole thing was a stupendous
sensations with all kinds of repercussions. The museum spared neither time nor effort to accommodate
these fabulous objects in style. A special room was dedicated to the Nebra things, and the
rooms given to middle bronze age were completely redone. That's partially quite unfortunate
since the museum then succumbed to the dreaded "Keep-things-in-the-dark disease",
like so many others before. While the Nebra objects are perfectly illuminated and displayed,
this cannot be said for many other things; I'll get to that. |
| | First, however, let's look at
some stone age stuff. Below you see why I like this museum so much. It gives a whole case
with good explanations and pictures to a really unassuming tiny object: |
| | | |
| |
|  | | Birch bark tar; 80.000 years old from Neandethals |
| Source: Photographed in the Museum in April. 2018 |
|
| | | |
| | Well - it's the oldest man-made material: Birch bark
tar or birch pitch. Absolutely essential to early humans. I've told you about that
elsewhere.
The
next example also pays tribute to the museums old but great ways of presenting their stuff. |
| | |
|
| |
 | | Woman from Bad Dürrenberg. (7.000 - 6.600 BC) | | Source: Photographed in the Museum in April. 2018 |
|
| | |
|
| | Just an elderly lady? Yes - but
a special one. Read the description! The stuff in her grave indicates that she wielded power,
probably as a shaman. The close inspection of her skull indicated that she had a kind of bone
deformation that allowed her to induce semi-consciousness or trance by certain movements of
her head. Clear texts and pictures guide you through the details.
To top it off, an artists
interpretation of what she might have looked like is provided, based on some of the things
in her grave, that really tickles your phantasy: |
| |
| |
| |  | Woman from Bad Dürrenberg.
(7.000 - 6.600 BC); artists conception
Large
size | | Source: Photographed in the Museum
in April. 2018 | |
| |
| |
| | Pictures like that do help your imagination (possibly in more than one way). That's
why I give you another one: |
| | | |
| |  | Homo Sapiens; around 40.000
BC
Brought along some technology like designer cloth (and good looks)
and replaced
(after some mingling) the Neandethals. | | Source:
Photographed in the Museum in April. 2018 | |
| | | |
| It's time for the more serious stuff. I've seen many
stone axes with holes before but never wondered how those stone age guys drilled the holes.
They definitely did not have the usually assumed hollow copper drill. The museum shows and explains how it was done. Go there
yourself to find out.
It suddenly became clear to me that all that hole drilling after copper tools became available was nothing new to the ancient
artisans. They had done it before for thousands of years with less sophisticated tools |
| | |
|
| |
 | Partially drilled stone axe and some drilling cores. 6.900 - 6.600 BC;
definitely no copper drills then. | | Source:
Photographed in the Museum in April. 2018 | |
| | | |
| Another impressive feature is the wall of a huge room. It is covered
with many thousands of stone tools. Far
better than to keep all that in some dark basement. |
| |
| |
| |  | Stone tools and how you
work wood with them
Large size |
| Source: Photographed in the Museum in April.
2018 | |
| |
| |
| | | One could spend a long time in this room alone -
and I haven't even mentioned the ceramics there and elsewhere. I learned a lot about early
cultures in middle Europe, including a thing or two about the influx of copper and bronze
technology from the South-East. For example, how it spread (see below), what kind of trade
was of importance, and why the area changed between being rich and prosperous to being rather
poor a few times. Many clear and detailed maps and drawings were very helpful in this respect;
below is one: |
| |
| |
| |
|
| | |
|
| Let's turn to the unbelievably
rich collection of bronze objects in the newly redone room. Here is the centerpiece, showing
just parts of what is there: |
| | |
| | |  | Some of the many bronze objects in
a dark room
From around 2.000 - 1.800 BC; when the region was rich
Large size | |
Source: Photographed in the Museum in April. 2018 | |
| | | |
|
| Note the objects marked with a
white arrow. They are almost at floor level and appear to be made from gold. No description
is visible. If you want to find out what it is, you must either lie down on your belly our
point your camera and hope that you will be able to look at a clear picture later.
Here
is the best I got: |
| | | |
| |  | | Floor decorations? |
| Source: Photographed in the Museum in April.
2018 | |
| |
| |
| | | Aha! After heavy contrast enhancement it became possible to read the
inscription on the glass. It tells you that these pieces are modern bronze casts. They are
supposed to give you an impression of what bronze things looked like when they were new and
shiny. How anyone with an IQ above that of an avocado can come up with such a design is a
mystery to me. |
| Of course you will see magnificent bronze swords and other objects (including
mysterious ones), too. Here is an example |
| |
| |
| |  | Shield
and swords from typically 8th - 9th century BC
Large size showing more | | Source: Photographed
in the Museum in April. 2018 | |
| | | |
© H. Föll (Iron, Steel and Swords script)
With frame
Critical Museum Guide